Principles Of Picking Out Frequency Characteristics

In establishing fundamental principles for defining and picking out frequency characteristics of the information action factor with a predicted result one should be guided by laws of physics and biophysics, rules of theories of open systems and information science, synergism and chronobiology with application and generalization of some up-to-date methods of mathematical analysis and physico-mathematical simulation.

 

With reference to the selected factor – electromagnetic radiation – it is necessary to initially define the appropriate wavelength of radiation which would meet the requirements of the information action.

 

The first frequency characteristic is a natural frequency of one or another spectrum and a wavelength of electromagnetic radiation. The limitations in the option are predetermined by the self-shielding of biotissue from low-frequency (under 103 Hz) electromagnetic radiation and evolutional adaptivity of bioobjects to radiation with a wavelength of 290-1500 nm 1 cm – 50 m.

 

Also, the limitations are predetermined by quantum energy of electromagnetic radiation – so, at the upper limit of the electromagnetic spectrum (between medium-wave and short-wave segments of the ultraviolet area) the quantum energy is 400 kj/mol which exceeds the value required to break strong bonds accounting for the chain structure of biopolymers. Thus, the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation for information influence on the bioobject should be in the optical and radiowave bands (under 50 m), and the natural frequency of this wavelength will be the carrier one.

 

In information action the carrier frequency is of interest from a standpoint of three main things. The first one is the maximum probable penetration depth of the appropriate wavelength in the bioobject tissue, the second one is a bandwidth of combination choice of a soliton wave in reradiation by biotissue owing to Fermi-Pasta-Ulama mechanism of return; the third one – for this kind of bioobject structures the carrier frequency is a resonance one.

 

In the overwhelming majority of cases (quite often in 100%) the required volume of information is introduced into bioobjects through electromagnetic radiation owing to its modulation. Modulation is an alteration in the amplitude, frequency and phase of the harmonic oscillation according to a certain law to introduce the required information into the oscillating process. Modulation of oscillations is a slow, as compared to the oscillation period, change in amplitude, frequency or phase of oscillations according to a certain law. Information transfer with the aid of electromagnetic waves owing to their modulation is only possible in the low-frequency band of these waves – 1.8-9.6 Hz.

 

Thus, the modulation frequency is an information frequency carrying the main volume of the corresponding information.

 

With reference to the chosen wavelength band (from long-wave ultraviolet radiation to decimeter waves) whose natural frequency can be used as a carrier frequency of information action, the depth of their penetration in the biotissue of a living organism is distributed in the following way. Decimeter waves (with a frequency of 300-3000 MHz) penetrate tissue with high water content 4 cm deem, with low water content – up to 26 cm, centimeter waves (with a frequency of 3-30 GHz) penetrate respectively up to 2 and up to 11 cm deep. Millimeter waves (with a frequency of 30-300 GHz) penetrate about 0.2-0.6 mm deep; far-infrared radiation – within 0.2 mm, near infrared radiation – within 5 cm deep (laser radiation – up to 6 cm or more). In the optical band of electromagnetic radiation from the ultraviolet to orange segments of the spectrum the depth of penetration in biotissue gradually increases from 0.1 to 2.5 mm and with the red segment of the spectrum it reaches 2.5 cm. Proceeding from this data, in opting for a carrier frequency, of interest are decimeter and centimeter radiowaves (with a frequency of 0.3-30 GHz) and near infrared radiation in the optical band (with a frequency of (1.2-3.95)*1014 Hz). In terms of frequency resonance of electromagnetic radiation and biostructures the optimum results are achieved by using superhigh and extremely high (SHF and EHF) radiowaves respectively and infrared radiation of the optical band as the fixed resonance-based frequencies are (3.5-4.0)*1011 Hz for erythrocytes, 5*1010 Hz for cell membranes, 108 Hz for cytoskeleton, 1012-13 Hz for proteins and (2-9)*109 Hz for DNA.

 

When picking out a carrier frequency one cannot disregard the research data indicating that the electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 1.8-2.1 mm is a physical factor that starts interaction between two organisms.

 

In modulating electromagnetic radiation it is possible to alter such variables as amplitude, frequency and phase of the harmonic oscillation. The most important thing for information effect on a bioobject is a frequency variable of modulation which is accounted for by the following objective reasons. With an optical band a light wave amplitude is closely related to light intensity, e.g. to an energy variable. An advantage of frequency modulation over amplitude for radiowaves is high noise immunity, and a high-quality signal transmission with frequency-modulated oscillations takes place in low-frequency wave band (from 1 to 10 Hz). With phase modulation a modulated oscillation is identical with a frequency-modulated one.

 

The principles of information frequency selection are based on concepts, models and methods on entropy logic and laws of synchronization of oscillating processes. Models of entropy logic are models of non-linear non-equilibrium systems subject to fluctuations and it is this that happens in complicated biosystems. At the moment of transition the ordered and disordered phases differ from each other so unimportantly that it is fluctuations that convert one phase into the other. If there can be several stable states in the system, the fluctuations select just one of them. It is substantiated, that all varying objects have a tendency to synchronization with one another. Anyway, established are phase correlations multiple of integers and the force of interaction can be as small as desired. One of the main properties of synchronization is its dependence on the partial frequency of object oscillations – with close frequencies synchronization starts without other similarity elements present, and deteriorating synchronization behavior is associated with an increase in the order of synchronization mode (a decrease in the area of mode „attraction‟), the optimum synchronization is in the ration 1:1. Another property of synchronization is the effect of frequency average – the averaging frequency of synchronization is at all times lower than the highest one and higher than the lowest frequency of object oscillations. Among other elements of entropy logic theory a possibility of „trapping‟ external frequency by the system should be pointed out, moreover the leading generator is a generator with a maximum oscillating frequency – it captures all of the rest system generators in synchronous operation.

 

„The band of synchronization‟ gets wider in transition to non-linear systems. In complicated non-linear systems generating several frequencies oscillation synchronization is possible in different combination frequencies of the systems.

 

It is necessary to synchronize the information frequencies of the affecting factor with normal rhythms of life-sustenance of bioobject‟s functional systems. If any other aims are pursued it is necessary to impose a certain rhythm of the oscillating process with laws of synchronization taken into account. However in both cases the information frequencies are in the extremely superlow-frequency band according to the Classification of the International Communications Regulations (1976); quite often in both cases there is a need for a compound modulated „sketch‟ of information frequencies. Anyway, the composition of compound modulated frequencies makes it necessary to take into account laws of symmetry „golden proportion‟, golden wurf‟ and rules of Fibonacci sequence.

 

With reference to the carrier frequency of information action of great interest are up-to-date data of physico-mathematical simulation and physico-mathematical substantiation of the existence and importance of longitudinal electromagnetic waves. Special consideration deserves the assertion that longitudinal waves have a high penetration ability, with reference to conductive bodies as well; that the propagation speed of longitudinal waves can be as high as 1.88*104s, where is light speed; that the energy quantum of the longitudinal wave with this propagation speed is 5 orders higher than the energy quantum of transverse electromagnetic radiation.